Ap World Midterm Study Guide

1. Hinduism- Caste System, Enlightenment, no holy book, no single founder, India, polytheistic, Buddhism- India, no caste system, egalitarian, Siddhartha Gautama, missionaries, Nirvana, Eight fold path, four noble truths, Enlightenment Christianity-Monotheistic, Jesus, Bible, Jerusalem, Missionaries, Heaven and Hell 2. Domestication of Animals, Complex societies, Specialization, Cities, Government, Religion, Record Keeping, Social Classes, Technology 3. Located near rivers, Agriculture, irrigation, Rulers, social hierarchy, 4. Development of Agriculture and Domestication 5. Democracy, Representative, voting, Senate, ruler 6. Buddhism- Zen Buddhism, Filial Piety, Hinduism-not syncretic Christianity-Catholic, Protestant, Baptist, Lutheran 7. Size, Bureaucracies, Emphasis on Family, Roads, Religions, Han-Confucianism, Rome-Christianity, 8. Nomadic, Clans, Wars over oasis, no central religion, Chiefs of clans, 9. Pray every day towards Mecca, Alms giving, Hajj to Mecca, fasting, Declaration of Faith 10. In Arabian peninsula spread through trade and missionaries, contagious 11. Sense of Unity, peace among the clans, sacred texts were stored 12. Housewives 13. Each invasion caused the capital to move north 14. LEFT BLANK 15. LEFT BLANK 16. Missionaries 17. Started to decline 18. Many were animistic, salt as a substitute for gold 19. Christian, rich due to slaves 20. United the people 21. Arabian Peninsula, Red or Black sea, 22. Barter 23. Major trade routes influenced Kiev Russia 24. Structures, law codes, bureaucracy 25. Patriarch held power, rituals, priest celibacy, orthodox priests could marry, excommunication each other in 1054 26. Similar to china, emperor ordained by god, head of church and state, practiced lay investiture, women eld imperial throne (exe Empress Theodora and Zoe), byzantine bureaucrats recruited from all classes, recruited troops, empire depended on Constantinople 27. Lost land, economic decline, Constantinople fell 28. Social examination, formal 29. Used to regain the holy land, last crusade sacked Constantinople, pope ordered it, increase of trade, established religious capital 30. Lords and vassals, serfs, relied on agriculture, fiefs, 3 field system, technology advancements 31. Religious Leaders- Pope, Bishops, Priests, Pope Urban II, Gregory IV, Literary Leaders- Chaucer, Machiavelli, Thomas Aquinas Philosophical Leaders- Saint Clare, Saint Francis 32. Trade increase, manufacturing, territorial gain, 33. both had slaves, West Africa relied on Hunting and gathering, South America had agriculture, 34. Disease, gunpowder 35. Peasants, kings 36. Wars, trade, military 37. Indians, hunter gatherer 38. Aztecs conquered the toltecs 39. Anti-Buddhist, rejected 40. Status of women decreased 41. Unification by Wendi, ended famine, lowered taxes, Yang Di overworked peasants 42. Better examination system, paper money, plow, grand canal, junk ships 43. Male dominance, revival of Confucianism 4. Both had a bureaucracy and examination exam, Chinese had a dynastic succession, Europeans had a fight for power, in china empresses are possible, 45. Peasants reduced to serfdom, over worked, 46. Yi, Koryo, Silla 47. Manorial System, everyone had an important society, 48. Military Elites eventually became part of the imperial court 49. Dynasties, all modeled after Chinese except for Vietnam 50. Women w ere almost equal to men, herded a lot, warlike 51. Golden Horde-affected Russia Empire of Kublai Khan-China Ilkhan- Persia Djagatai –central Asia 52. Mongols cut Russia off, inhibited culture and technology, Mongols destroyed the Islamic heartland 53. Tumens 1k cavalries 54. Harsh, no prosperity, short-lived, smaller conquests 55. Clothing, Arabians spread religion to Indians, Arabs spread technology to Europe, Europeans wanted to trade with India 56. Peasant uprisings, high taxes, abuse of power, Mongol threat, economic decline 57. Increase trade, conquest, Portuguese freed Ethiopians from Islam 58. Increased influence through the arts, Enlightenment, Literature by Machiavelli and others 59. Disease, slave trade, fall of many civilizations 60. Technology, Animals, Leadership, Conquest 61. World Trade, Slaves 62. Decreased population, Inflation, Competition 63. Guns, Boats, Technology 64. Core Area-main area of power in country, Dependent Zone- are dependent on core areas 65. Australia, 66. God doesn’t influence life, people control their own life 67. Based on scientific findings, god wasn’t involved 68. Against sacraments, against priest celibacy, protested against the Catholics, 30 years war, more conflicts, 69. Sell more than you buy, everyone tried to sell their wares 70. Louis the XIV suppressed the nobility, gained all the power, spread around 71. Russia had a smaller economy, Russia was technologically limited, Russia was bigger, exerted more power 72. Tsar suppressed the local nobility 73. Westernization, too much imports, not enough exports 74. Brutal, overworked, not advanced in technology, 75. Serfdom in Russia, Slaves in Western Europe, absolute monarchies in both 76. Militaristic, White, strong leadership, imperialistic 77. Discovery of gold and silver, inflation 78. Plantations, slaves, 79. Imaginary North to South line, separates Spanish and Portuguese colonies 80. Based on plantations, silver mining, slave trade 1. Replaceable, easy to attain, cheap, complimentary industries flourished 82. Gun slave trade, internal strife, dominance, War for slaves 83. Set up ports, applied own rules, controlled coast, supplied arms, 84. Common sense 85. Decrease in males, increase in polygamy, decrease in labor 86. Powerful, lots of land, Good government, 87. A bigot, 88. Internal strife, Isma’il took power 89. Under safavids treated poorly, under the ottomans treated well 90. Cared less about the dynasties progress and more over the arts, 91. Difference-religion, Similarity- education and learning,

An Important Skill In Modern Education Education Essay

Critical thought is an of import accomplishment in modern instruction. Many academic sections hope that its pupil will be good at critical thought accomplishments. In my sentiment, I give support to use this in my category because it would assist all pupils to analyze and work more efficaciously. In this essay, I will present by and large approximately critical thought and argue that critical thought should be promoted in my category. With regard to schoolroom, critical thought theory can be summarized as follow: Definition of Critical Thinking â€Å" Critical Thinking is the general term given to a broad scope of cognitive and rational temperament needed to efficaciously place, analyse, and measure statements and truth claims ; to detect and get the better of personal biass and prejudices ; to explicate and show converting grounds in support of decisions, and to do sensible, intelligent determinations about what to believe and what to make. â€Å" ( Gregory Bassharn, william Irwin, Henry Nardone, James M.Wallace, 1959, Critical thought: a pupil ‘s debut ) . Critical thought in schoolroom includes three chief accomplishments: Understanding the statements and issues that are discussed in the category Measuring critically what are larning. It means discoursing critically the statement or thought. Developing your ain statements on peculiar subjects. The criterion of critical thought The most important critical thought criterions include: Clarity: A critical mind demand to understand clearly what other individual says and express himself clearly. Accuracy: It is the passion for truth, timely information Consistency: That are logical Consistency and practical consistence Preciseness: critical mind have to develop to detect the hints and so detect the solution. Relevance: It means critical mind should utilize the relevant information Logical rightness: It means ground right Completeness: It means believing profoundly and happening the kernel of the issue Fairness: critical mind have to hold open-mindedness Critical thought is good for many grounds. It helps pupils to analyze better by bettering their ability to apprehension, measuring and developing and supporting the statements and beliefs. The barrier of critical thought The most powerful barrier include: Egoism is the inclination to see world as centered on oneself. It include self-interested thought and self-serving prejudice Sociocentrism is group-centered thought. It includes group prejudice and conformity Relativistic thought is believing that is based on the thought that there is no â€Å" nonsubjective † or â€Å" absolute † truth. The most powerful of it is moral relativistic. Unwarranted premise are things we take for granted without good ground Desirous thought is believing something because it makes one feel good Critical thought should be apply in my category because many grounds. First of all, intent of specifically using critical thought in the category is bettering the believing accomplishments of pupils and therefore better fix them to win in the universe. Almost pupils in my category have ne'er been taught how to believe efficaciously about a capable affair, how to properly understand and measure it. That is believing critically. How a pupil can analyze efficaciously if they can non establish the basic accomplishments and cognition? In a logical manner, it can non go on. The pupils will make work less than their ability. The 2nd issue is feasibleness. My category is belong to a esteemed plan. The plan ‘s director will seek to acquire the best for their pupil. They will accept to convey this accomplishment into the plan if it is necessary. In my category, all pupils have graduated university before. They have adequate ability to analyze the new accomplishments. And they besides have inducements to seek to use it because of their good consequences. Therefore, it will be support by the pupils of my category. The 3rd issue is experimental method. Detect the universe, you can see that many states have use it into their class. My class can be analyze the experience of that states. With it ‘s ability, the class director can seek to ask for the instructor from that states to learn for this topic. And pupil can analyze about the theory of critical thought and utilize it for all of topics in the plan and for their life subsequently. That ‘s is why using critical thought can be perform from experience of other states in the universe. Beside of that, because critical thought aid people to believe and work efficaciously, it will assist all critical mind salvage the clip they spend for work. Therefore, pupils in my category can use this accomplishment, they will hold more clip for analyzing or other activities. When critical thought have taught in my category, I suggest some ways that the pupils can use it. The most basic type of critical thought is cognizing how to listen to a talk actively instead than passively. The pupils have to recognize it is of import and carry out it. A good book to read is How to Speak, How to Listen by Mortimer J. Adler. In category, pupils should inquire inquiry. Questions from pupils mean they are believing critically about what instructor are stating. After category, they should reexamine about the lesson and take note what they do non understand. In their instance, it will assist to better authorship accomplishment, a portion of critical thought. Students have to analyze the manner to transform the information and do it their ain by practising paraphrasis, sum up, or sketch all reading assignments. Writing forces them to form their ideas and believe critically about the stuff. They should pattern critical thought accomplishment in mathematic ( assist them believing about nature and world in empirical and quantitative footings ) , in term paper ( necessitating that they get, synthesise, and logically analyze information, and that they so present this information and their decisions in written signifier ) The last 1 is use critical thought in multiple pick reply and pattern their head to believe as critical manner. Finally, I perfectly agree to use critical thought accomplishment into my category because it help all pupils improve their ability in analyzing, in life with scientific discipline analyzing method. With this accomplishment, I believe that the pupils in my category will analyze better than in the yesteryear and they will hold clip to make more things they like.

Becoming A Teacher Essay

Watching these videos, I learned that teachers don’t always have it easy and it’s not always what it looks like, I know that it take a long time for the students to get comfortable with a new teacher and the teacher has to adjust to the new setting of the classroom. It takes a great deal of time so teachers can get their classroom to the way they want it. In the first video â€Å"classroom Management Strategy to Settle Noisy, Rowdy Students at the Door† I learned that the teacher should not yell or shout at the students to get their attention because the student will not respect the teacher or have respect for the class and the other teachers around will see that the teacher does not have control over the classroom and that would make the teacher look bad. But on the other hand when the students are outside of the classroom that’s where the teacher should start to take control or when the classroom management starts and show that they are the authoritive leader in charge. Teacher has to settle the students down gradually, use non-confrontational statements, such as thanking students for doing the right thing, hoping that the others will follow along, use informal chit chat, or getting comfortable with talking to the students, getting down to the students level. In the second video â€Å"How to Get Students Sat Down and Ready to Work†, teachers need to give students a clear instruction on what needs to be done so there is no room for misunderstanding. Second, let the first group from, to the front of the line and reinforcing actions that needs to be taking. Third, teachers need to repeat the clear instruction that was given. And the final step is to give attention and additional support to what direction was given. In the third video, â€Å"Take control of a noisy class†, teachers need skills to deal will students, making sure that the teachers has the students attention and keeping it. Establishing a calm atmosphere, and staying positive. In the final video which is â€Å"Five Classroom Management Strategies to Get Student Attention†, there was five ways of getting the students attention that was stated. Those five strategies if attention getting included a noise maker, routine, visual reminder, the unexpected, and a countdown. Using a noise maker is loud and it gets their attention without having to shout. A routine is very affective and training the students to learn. A visual reminder is a rather simple attention getting, using traffic light colors (green, yellow, and red). The unexpected is a guaranteed attention getter such as using music or pictures and gives students the perfect way to get attention. The last one is countdown which is the most common attention getter.

Labor Relations Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Labor Relations - Term Paper Example A large number of western nations to some extent decriminalized strike actions in the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century. In some cases, strikes are utilized to compel administrations to alter laws. Intermittently, labor strikes subvert the directive of a specified ruler or political party. In such instances, labor strikes are presumed to be part of a larger social force. This paper will look at a historically significant labor strike and the issues involved in the strike. The textile industry had begun spreading to the south in the 1880s. By the year 1933, mills located in the south manufactured over 70% of woolen and cotton textiles in more novel mills. They drew this number from a group of displaced laborers and farmers eager to toil for less amounts than laborers and farmers on the north part (Irons 22). The labor strike was as a result of a number of factors. The textile sector was severely set apart and was only made up of workers from the white race as other areas of the economy. Prior to 1965, after the enactment of the Civil Rights Acts dealt with the issue of race in employment, not more than 2% of textile employees were from the African American race. The mills encountered an obstinate issue of overproduction. The management made workers to toil for longer periods, adding the number of supervisors to prevent employees from leaving work, talking, slowing down during work, and paying them by piece rate. There were events that engulfed issues relating to the strike. When the owners of the mills decreased the workers working hours without increasing the wage rates per hour, in 1934, the United Textile Workers threatened to call for a countrywide strike. The United Textile Workers necessitated for a distinctive meeting in New York to deal with the issues. The United Textile Workers listed a number of requirements for the textile industry, for example, removal of the stretch-out, a thirty hour week, restoration of fired employees, union recognition, and minimum earnings of between $13 and $30 weekly (Irons 46). In addition, the Great Depression worsened the situation. The economic turmoil forced several industries into bankruptcy. Moreover, those industries that endured the economic downfall enhanced the pace and amount of work and sacked employees. Support for the labor strike was largely divided in terms of race. People from the white race enhanced the employees’ antipathy while the large black society completely took part in the labor strike. For instance, in Gastonia, where law enforcers used violence to deal with the strike, approximately 5,000 individuals from the black race took part in the Labor Day procession (Irons 133). Nevertheless, the local administration failed to give any form of aid to the striking workers and there were less sympathetic unions and churches to give assistance. President Roosevelt formed a mediation board to address the issues. The board called for additional investigations i nto the impacts of the stretch-out and economic issues faced by the workers. The management refused to adopt the recommendations of the board. In addition, the owners of the textile industries declined to restore the striking workers all over the south. The result was a failure by a large number of workers returning to work in the industries (Irons 77). The strike had tremendous effects on the textile industry. The United Texti

Hitler's table talk Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hitler's table talk - Term Paper Example Despite the almost evil and cynical conceptions that we might have of Hitler, it is still irrefutable that to be able to attain such status, one has to have the charisma and the mental faculties that exceeds normal standards. The book Hitler’s Table Talk offers a different side to Adolf Hitler confined throughout the most important years of his life. The book, derived as transcripts from Hitler’s conversations which extend to the Second World War focuses on the man that controlled Germany. It is divided into five parts, each with its encompassing dates and in reference to the private conversations that he had before his gruesome death of his subsequent fall. There are many controversies surrounding this book but there have been reliable people who have vouched for the authenticity of the recordings for which they are based. There is also the bigger issue of the translations of whether or not they were properly translated but in either case they are interesting for they offer a deeper insight into the mind of Adolf Hitler. What is interesting about Hitler is that he is not a man born into fame and fortune. He was someone who worked his way until an opportunity came for him. He was no even a German per se but an Austrian and his ideals were for a better country and a better future initially. He is as the most common progress of dictators goes someone who had a vision and who wanted for his vision to be a reality. But along the way one thing lead to another which leads to the next and gets off track. The Ideologies Part one begins with the distinction given between Russia and the Aryans. It is an attempt to differentiate the two and how the system proliferated by Bolsheviks and the Stalinists do not work as it is in direct contravention of the very nature of Russia. It is even not without a jab at degrading by referring to the Western distinction given to it as a ‘State.’ This is a clear indication of the second-class view of Russia in t he eyes of Hitler; in contrast, Aryans are portrayed in a very positive light. They are described as being very active in their work and that it does not stop there for they are intelligent beings as well who are not easily satisfied with what is happening in front of them lest there is manifest improvement. Even a positive attribute of being dedicated to work is exaggerated into one of a workaholic and this is instigated as a problem for the race. Analogies are given where Italians are like ants when it comes to diligence and Russia’s civilization is synonymous with vodka. The fascist movement simply is not most appropriate solution for Russia. Hitler’s contemplation on the nature of God and a supreme being is arguably the most interesting of the transcriptions. What we all know is that the genocide that happened in Auschwitz was a product of religious hate as it was bigotry of the utmost form. He does not offer insightful thoughts that are not altogether new nor are they any less refreshing. â€Å"I think the man who contemplates the universe with his eyes wide open is the man with the greatest amount of natural piety: not in the religious sense, but in the sense of an intimate harmony with things† (Cameron and Stevens, p.5). Taken into the weight of these words without any historical referencing, one cannot be denied of the idea that this is not something repulsive. On the contrary, it is a very logical and rather sensible. It is merely an affirmation of a very natural outlook that goes deep

King Haigler Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

King Haigler - Research Paper Example He is in fact honored and celebrated as one of the greatest among Catawba leaders for his role in this community. His role as a leader shaped up American history and remains relevant to understanding the human experience in the wake of the 21st century. King Haigler firstly shaped the history of Catawba when he facilitated and helped to negotiate a peace treaty with six nations. The Six Nations would comprise of the Iroquois in New York and Canada (Hawkins). The region had been hit by a war that had escalated after the defeat of the Tuscarora and their departure to New York. King Haigler was keen to delegate some elders who would accompany him to a conference in Albany New York on 30 June 1751 (Blumer 33-35). This initiative was well timed and relevant at a time when people were losing their lives and property. He did not sit back but led from the front. He mobilized some members of the community who bought his idea. King Haigler effort was rewarded though came at a price as he and his crews were humiliated as the Mohawk forced them to dance with their feathers pointing down during the conference. The entire effort saw both Haigler and King Hendrick of the Mohawk share apiece pipe and the Six Nations handed Haigler a wampum belt that marked the beginning of peace (Blumer 34). This event reveals King Haigler’s commitment to step up for his community when he was needed most. He would dare to go to such battled grounds to stop wars and save lives. This underscores his relevance in the history and future of America. King Haigler was not a fun of what Blumer would term as evils of alcohol (Blumer 35). With the wake of civilization, the West had engaged in new customs that would feature use of hard drinks that Haigler believed had no value to the community. His efforts are still relevant today as alcoholism has had many go down the drain through addiction rendering them

Impact of social media on marketing strategies Dissertation

Impact of social media on marketing strategies - Dissertation Example Thank you very much Daisytan. Contents TABLE OF FIGURE 7 Abstract 8 1.INTRODUCTION 9 1.1.Overview 9 1.2.Background Of The Study 10 1.3.Significance of the study 12 1.4.Research Questions 12 1.5.Aims and Objectives of the Research 13 1.6.Structure of thesis 13 2.Literature Review: 15 2.1.Introduction 15 2.2.The 21st century Paradigm: 15 2.3.Ecommerce and Supply chain 16 2.4.Information Technology: 19 2.5.Unifying the competitive strategy with supply chain strategy: 20 2.6.E-businesses: 21 2.7.Ecommerce and developing countries 23 2.8.Consumer behavior and Ecommerce in Saudi Arabia 26 2.9. Summary 28 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: 29 3.1. Introduction: 29 3.2. Research Overview: 29 3.3. Research Approach 31 3.4. Research Strategy: 32 3.5. Research Philosophy: 32 3.6. Research Method: 33 3.7. Data Collection and Analysis: 34 3.8. Sampling Methods: 34 3.9. Reliability of Research: 35 3.10. Validity of Research: 35 3.11. Summary: 35 4. ANALYSIS 37 4.1. Introduction 37 4.2. Analysis Of Questionn aire 37 Question 37 4.3. Focus group: 55 5. Conclusions: 62 5.1. Summary Of The Findings 62 5.2. Recommendations for the researcher: 66 5.3. Recommendations to Saudi Post: 68 5.4. Recommendation for further Research 70 5.5. Limitations of the research study 70 6. References 72 7. Appendix 80 TABLE OF FIGURE Figure 4. 1: Access to technology 33 Figure 4. 2: Awareness of shopping online 34 Figure 4. 3: Ratio of people how have ever purchased online 35 Figure 4. 4: Preference of shopping online 36 Figure 4. 5: Physically touching of product is important or not 37 Figure 4. 6: Products can be found easily on the internet or not 39 Figure 4. 7: Factors influencing online shopping 42 Figure 4. 8: Is shopping online safe 46 Figure 4. 10: Is it more convenient to shop online 47 Abstract This research study analyses the trend of online shopping in Saudi Arabia. The research study has been aimed at the introduction of e-mall, an online store by Saudi Arabia and this research study analysed th e challenges that the management of Saudi Post would face as they are introducing this online store. The research study has been conducted using the primary as well as secondary data. To conduct this research, online surveys have been conducted and 200 respondents participated in the survey. After the survey, the interested candidates were invited for the focus group session. This research analyses the how successful e-mall can be in Saudi Arabia and the research shows that Saudi Post faces several challenges in order to build trust and convince people of Saudi Arabia to shop online. CHAPTER #1 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Overview E-mall is an online store where customers can buy a diverse range of goods online. People can purchase different kinds of products and services from e-mall throughout Saudi Arabia. With the advancement of technology, the trend of purchasing goods and services has been changed and now the buyers are seeking more convenient and suitable ways to buy goods and servic es. The revolution in E-industry has also brought innovations in the mind of buyers and sellers

Project Portfolio Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Project Portfolio Management - Essay Example oject management refers to the processes involving that planning, organizing, motivating and controlling the use of resources as well as the procedures and protocols developed to achieve goals of the project (Albert 2004). In addition, a project is also described as a temporary endeavor that is designed to produce a certain unique good or service with a defined process that begins from scratch, and all the way to its end. A project is usually has to be time-constrained, and constrained financially as well as in its deliverables. Portfolio management is one of the activities that are carried out by particular project managers in order to meet their expected outcomes by their organizations. In this respect, project portfolio management refers to the various processes, methods as well as other technologies that are employed by particular managers as well as project management offices. by doing project portfolio management, they are better placed analyse and make a collective management of current and other proposed projects basing on different and numerous essential features. When carrying out project portfolio management, the essential objectives are always to determine the best possible resource mix that can be made available in order to plan and schedule various activities designed to attain the organization’s operation as well as financial goals. While doing this, the process has to honour the various constraints and challenges that comes about as a result of customers decisions, strategic objectives as well as other factors that are prevalent in the real world or the business’ external environment. It is important to note that organizations are better placed to benefit from project portfolio management if only they have multiple projects and other essential resources that need a formalized framework needed for tracking, allocating as well as managing them effectively (Dennis 2007). When they are strategically deployed and executed by project managers,

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Psychology - Essay Example According to Sacks, â€Å"Does the mind run the brain or the brain the mind?† This poses an interesting question regarding the development of mental abilities, which runs parallel to that of the nature vs. nurture debate. Are cognitive abilities the result of the neurology and brain development of the person, or does what a person learns influence brain development? The question is similar to that of the chicken and the egg. Thus, the question of whether our abilities are biologically driven or if they are environmentally driven are laid as a foundation to human growth and development. The compendium of human knowledge and consciousness is seated within our skulls as the brain. The brain is the most vital organ in our body in that it controls everything, both voluntary and involuntary. It is a vast collection of neurons, which work together to rely, process, and send out information. It is organized into different lobes that govern different cognitive tasks that develop with a ge. As a person ages, these parts of the brain become more complex and eventually start working together in order to processes and integrate things together. The conscious and the unconscious merge here with the storage of memory and the performance of cognitive tasks. One of the most unique features of the brain is in its adaptability (plasticity). If a part of the brain becomes injured, it will rewire itself by creating new pathways in order to bypass the damaged tissue. As a person learns, the brain rewires itself in order to make new connections to make the pathways of thought more efficient and complex. However, the reason that a person is able to learn is due to the fact that these pathways have already been created. Even as the brain develops, there is a certain threshold that is met in which the neurons will eventually lose productivity and die off. Because of this learning is hindered, however recent studies show that additional cognitive exercises can keep these neurons al ive longer, thus showing how an environmental, or rather external stimulus, can play a part in being able to alter the physiology of a person. The first basis that psychology looks at is from the biological/physiological standpoint. Innately, humans are born with traits, which are derived from a genetic code. These discrete units, called genes, are passed down from generation to generation. The genetic code, DNA, encodes for proteins and other chemical components in the brain. As a result, some behaviors and physiological functions are affected by errors or mutations in the DNA. These mutations can occur as the result of random probability as well as through interaction of environmental effects. Thus, the behavior of an individual can result from these inherent features, which are determined by biology. For example, in cases of aggression, researchers find that amounts of testosterone in an individual can effect how aggressive an individual is. Both male and female individuals have testosterone in their body (except in the case of some genetic disorders). However, there are factors in which the levels of testosterone in the body can either be abnormally high or abnormally low. Thus, we see deviations from the normal patterns of behavior. From this example, it can be shown that biology and genetics does play a role in influencing human behavior. Another important basis in biopsychology is the development of the

Critical Thinking - Model 3 - SLP - Deductive and Inductive Argumens Coursework

Critical Thinking - Model 3 - SLP - Deductive and Inductive Argumens - Coursework Example 172). As such, a premise must be able to support it conclusion for it to be ascertained to be deductive. Additionally, the truth and acceptability of the conclusion depends on the premise for any deductive argument to be valid. On the other hand, inductive argument is an inferential claim of probability that detaches conclusion to the premise. In essence, the truth or logical flow of the conclusion is totally independent of the premise (Lavery & Hughes, 2008, p. 172). Therefore, a premise can be true or acceptable but do not play any role in defining the truth and acceptability of the conclusion. In my view, deductive arguments have a direct and dependent conclusion on the premise. The truth and acceptability of the latter, therefore, depend of the premise. subsequently, the logical flow in inductive argument has no connection or certainty of conclusion with regards to premise. In conclusion, the difference between inductive and deductive arguments lies on the ability of the premise to succinctly explain its conclusion. Furthermore, the difference also prevails through acceptability and

Retail Failure of Tesco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Retail Failure of Tesco - Essay Example The present research has identified that the Tesco management employs the marketing concepts. Pricing is one marketing concept. Promotion is another viable concept. Product quality is a necessary product concept. The place is an important marketing concept. Further, Tesco management institutes the complicated management functions. Controlling is one of the functions. Organizing is another management function. Staffing is a third management function. Planning is the fourth management function. Directing is the last management function. Furthermore, the first United States branch was set up during 2007. The branches are strategically located in California. With the huge population in California, The United States Tesco branch investment was estimated at around  £250 million during the 2007 groundbreaking operations. The company is expected to fund additional  £250 million during the 2008 and future years. Additionally, the additional yearly investments are pegged to set up branches in other major cities in the United States. Tesco’ Chief Operating Officer Terry Leahy mentioned that â€Å"the investment in the Tesco United States is another leg in the Tesco United Kingdom’s expansion into internationally lucrative nations.† The Chief Operating Officer enthusiastically claims that the United States expansion is very bold and profitable venture. The officer is correct for the United States is one of the biggest economies in the world. With a nation of the huge number of prospective customers, the Tesco United States branch is expected to play a significant role in augmenting the revenues generated by the Tesco home office branches located in the United Kingdom. Additionally, the company planned to set up an estimated 1,000 Tesco United States branches starting in 2007, where the initial branch was established in California. During 2008, the company targeted the setting of an additional 200 Tesco United States branches during 2008 alone.

Difference Between Monopoly Pricing and Competitive Pricing Essay Example for Free

Difference Between Monopoly Pricing and Competitive Pricing Essay Congress is discussing the possibility of removing patent protection for life saving drugs in order to reduce the cost of the Medicare and Medicaid systems. Discuss both the short-run and long-run implications for the economic situation of the drug industry. Include in your answer the impact on prices, new development, etc. of drugs. Include appropriate graphs showing the difference between monopoly pricing and competitive pricing. The drug industry currently takes on both monopolistic and competitive market structures. When a drug company develops a new drug, there are patent laws that allow the company to have a monopoly on selling the drug. In the short-run, the company is able to charge the monopoly price (above marginal cost) and maximize profit by producing the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. Once the patent runs out, other drug companies have an incentive to enter the market causing it to become more competitive. These new companies produce generic versions of the drug and charge a price below the monopolist’s price. As more and more competitors enter the price is driven down to marginal cost. If congress were to remove patent protection on life-savings drugs, drug company’s profits for life saving drugs would decrease. More companies would be able to begin producing the drugs without waiting for the patent period to end therefore, the original drug maker would not be able to charge the monopoly price for very long because competitors could quickly engineer generic versions. The original producer would no longer be a price maker and instead need to follow profit maximization rules of a competitive market by producing the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost and charge a price equal to marginal marginal revenue. Since the original drug maker will not be able to benefit from monopoly pricing during the patent period, there will be less incentive for them to create lifesaving drugs. A part of the benefit of higher profits during the monopoly period is the ability to recoup some of the research, develop, and testing costs of producing these drugs that the generic makers do not incur. Consumers on the other hand would benefit from competition in the market which prevents a single drug maker from dictating the market price of these newly developed lifesaving drugs.

Marketing and Strategic Analysis of Virgin Active

Marketing and Strategic Analysis of Virgin Active 1. Introduction The UK has had an overwhelming increase in the leisure industry market involving gymnasiums. This report will include a strategic review of Virgin Active and also evaluate the challenges and opportunities faced by Virgin Active. The topics, included in this report will be: description of the organisation, comprehensive strategic analysis (detailed analysis of internal scan, environmental scan and core competencies), a SWOT analysis of Virgin Active and challenges faced by the organisation. Furthermore, alternative strategic options and managing change will also be discussed. Strategic management is important for all organisations, with out regards to their size or position in the market. The definition strategic management has not been agreed, however, the outcome of defining strategic management is similar. Armstrong (2002, p. 38) suggests strategic management is, that managers are looking ahead at what they need to achieve in the middle or relatively distant future. Also, Constable (1980) suggests strategic management as the management process and decisions that determine the long-term structure and activities of the organization (Thompson, 1993, p. 6). Both definitions focus on the importance of decisions to be taken for the future, by managers, so that the organisation is sustainable. This report will analyse the effectiveness of Virgin Actives strategies and also, strategies they can initiate. 2. Virgin Active 2.1 The Business Virgin was founded by Sir Richard Branson in 1970 and is one of the most well known brands in Britain. Their portfolio is diverse and ranges across from market to market such as trains, soft drinks, publishing, cosmetics, holidays, mobile phones, extreme sports, music, space tourism and the finance industry. (Appendix 1) The organisation has over 200 companies globally, and has approximately 50,000 employees. The total for Virgin in 2008, exceeded  £10 billion (Virgin, 2009) Sir Richard Branson (1990) was anxious to build the best, state-of-the-art club on the market, providing genuine value for it customers, in first class surroundings. Hence in 1999, Virgin opened their first gymnasium. Customers were attracted to the facilities and high level of customer service, and demand has grown steadily over the years. There is now 167 gyms and, approximately 900,000 members worldwide (Virgin Active, 2009). Despite Virgin Actives success, like all other organisations, they have competitors. Virgin Actives main competitors are Living Well and Fitness First, who are also globally known and placed. 3. Strategic Analysis 3.1 Internal scan The brand name Virgin, is a very valuable asset for Virgin Actives. Richard Branson (2002) said; In our customers eyes, Virgin stands for value for money, quality, innovation, fun and a sense of competitive challengeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ We often move to areas where the customer has traditionally received a poor deal, and where the competition is complacentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ We also look to deliver old products and services in new ways. The brand name Virgin is extremely well known throughout the UK. A brand name is an indication of what to expect from a product a quality statement of a value-for-money signal (Hollensen, 2006). The most successful move Virgin Active have made so far, is the  £20 million invested, for a major refurbishment and upgrade programme. Despite these strengths, these can become weaknesses of the organisation. Frequently companies can become overly convinced with their brand name, and start putting less attempts in developing the business. Thus, the organisation is under threat of not developing, or being able to sustain gloomy days in the future. The development in staff can also decline. Although  £20 million was invested by Virgin, none of it was spent on employees. And so, a opportunity for Virgin is to invest more time and finances on staff training. Leaders in the UK often lack dedicated attention from their supervisors to help develop in a planned fashion through continuous learning, both from job experience and more formal training activities (Addison, 2006, p380). It is important to have up-to-date staff development and training, as technology and the environment is constantly changing. If employees performance is weak, then the main priorities and strategies of the organisation become weak. 3.2 Environmental scan External environment must be taken in to consideration, when developing a organisations strategies. The environmental analysis determines the organisations opportunities and threats. Thompson (1993, p. 246) said, managers should always be attentive to changes and their decisions and actions should be both reactive and proactive as appropriate (Appendix 2). Thompson is defining the significance of managers adapting to different strategies depending on the environmental changes. The social environmental issues in the gymnasium market, is always changing and plays a crucial rule on deciding strategies. Virgin Active have forecasted expectancy growth, so they have a special discount for elderly people (55 years old plus). These grey consumers are relatively rich. The over-fifties own around three-quarters of the worlds financial assets and control half of the discretionary budget (Hollenson 2006, p. 48). Yet, there is also many elderly who are financially restricted due to the increase i n utility bills, and were unfortunate to have no savings. This is why Virgins strategy of decreasing prices for the elderly has been effective and also, as the elderly have started becoming more fit in this day and age, it has also had a positive outcome. Additionally, the smoking ban in Britain, showed signs of a healthier Britain. Also, due to many campaigns and advertisements issuing obesity and illnesses, the majority of the public have become self aware of health issues. Due to Hollywood/Bollywood and the general media, people are also becoming self conscious about their appearance. The stereotypical students have also changed theyre appearance, from the well known drinking, junk food eating, smoking danger zones to a more healthy-living lifestyle, recent surveys show. About one in four students is now teetotal, says National Union of Student Services and among the rest of the student population there is a growing appetite for exercise facilities and healthy eating (Coughlan, 2006). Technology is ever changing, hence why Virgin Active spent  £20 million to update their systems and keep up-to-date with modern technology. Taking these aspects into consideration is vital whiles planning strategies. According to the environment, changes in strategies should also be taken into consideration. 3.3 Purpose, objectives and strategy When developing an organisations purpose, it should take into consideration why do they exist, whom will they serve and how its value will be increased. It is vital to consider the organisations future challenges and opportunities. According to Lynch (2006,p. 340), there is three sections that help build the purpose of the organisation and should be examined at an early stage. The purpose of a organisation: shaped by vision, leadership and ethics Virgin Actives vision is to promote wellness by bringing positive change in youre life (Virgin Active, 2008). This vision shows that it is going beyond its current climate, which is achieving sufficient revenue. Leadership in an organisation is crucial as the directors choices and the social responsibilities policies influence the purpose they define. Virgin Active is run by an independent board and is mostly shareholder owned. The Executive Director, Mathew Bucknall, has combined industry experience and who also developed Virgin Active by overtaking Holmes Place, an established, popular gymnasium in the UK (Murray, 2006). This shows that the business is run by specialists who have great expertise in their field. Meaning, taking these elements in to account the objectives of the organisation is to expand their gyms by promoting health and wellness. Virgin Actives mission statement (Appendix 3) , shows that their goal is to be known around the world as a fun unique gym, available to everyone, who is offered, regardless of age or body size. Also, their goal is to expand their business in Europe within in the next three years (Virgin Active, 2008) . Also, without a capable strategy, Virgin would not have been able to become globally known (e.g. South Afica). Strategies used by Virgin Active in order to expand and also become available to all ages where: By offering different memberships to customers with various needs, E.g. offering 2 month old babies to 15 year olds a class called Club-V. Virgin Active recently invested  £20 million throughout their clubs to up-date workout machines and for refurbishment. They also took over Holmes Place, gaining all their current locations throughout Britain, tremendously helping their goals for expansion. 3.4 Core competencies A core competency makes the company different from others. Hamel and Prahalad (1990) said, core competency has three issues; it provides customer benefit, it is hard for competitors to imitate and it can be leveraged widely to many products and markets. Virgin Actives core competency would be their brand name. As mentioned before, their brand name is what makes them stand out from other gymnasiums and is generally what customers would pay extra for. Virgin Actives competitors can not take away the well known reputation that the name Virgin holds, for example, respected and trustworthy. However, the smaller gyms such as LA Fitness also have a selling unique selling point (core competency). LA Fitness are very well known for their as their personal trainers are highly qualified and highly skilled in getting the results the customer wants. This shows that all organisations have their unique selling point, which should be sustained by effective strategies. 4 SWOT Analysis 4.1 Strengths Virgin Actives most crucial strength is there successful brand name and also their strong management skills. Every venture Virgin has taken part in, it prioritises its consumers needs and wants. Virgin is an organisation that is market-driven. Market-driven organisations focus on the consumers concern throughout the company. All departments recognize the importance of the customer to the success of the business (Jobber 2004, pp. 8-8). Virgin has an exceptional reputation throughout Britain. A brand name is an indication of what to expect from a product a quality statement of a value-for-money signal (Hollensen Svend, 2006). The managing director, Mathew Bucknall invested the  £20 million for refurbishment and upgrades. This was a powerful strategy for Virgins present and future. Virgin Active accommodate all ages by providing different memberships; with special classes for the elderly to special classes for children Club V (Special child care fitness for children and entertainment) Allowing parents work out freely. Other gymnasiums do not offer this, including Fitness First. Due to the acquisition of Holmes Place, Virgin Active has gained central locations for its gyms, increasing the reputation and accessibility to the consumers. 4.2 Weaknesses Virgin Active do not reduce their price and also sale volumes are limited as the gymnasiums can become overcrowded. Virgin Active depend on the brand name, too much. Fitness First and Living Well are two large competitors The club has increased their fee, for a normal member, from  £45 in 2005 to  £61 in 2007. This is due to the refurbishment, however, no member was given a news letter. Members were given a small letter Members are not informed in the correct method about changes, as fees increased from  £45 to  £61 from 2005 to 2007 (due to refurbishment) and members were given a small letter, not a sincere letter or a newsletter. 4.3 Opportunities Although Virgin Active give discounts to the elderly, can take more advantage of the increasing grey population by having special classes, helping the elderly and making things easy for them. Virgin Actives current opening times are 6:00 am to 10:30 pm, Monday to Friday, but as many people find it hard to go to the gym in these times e.g. taxi drivers, bus drivers, restaurant workers, bar staff etc, the gym should have a couple of late night openings available for consumers that cant attend before 10:30pm. 4.4 Threats The gymnasium may have to invest in new services, as with a rising life expectancy, the elderly that are members me not stay satisfied with the current service. A decrease in an active population is also a threat. Fitness first, one of Virgin Actives competitors has given women a specialised section for weight training, this could become a threat in the long term as women may enjoy the privacy. small percentage would pluck up the courage to enter the male dominated free-weights area (Kiernainder, 2006). 5 Strategic Challenges One weakness from the SWAT analysis affecting the way Virgin Active operates is its two main competitors, Fitness First and Living Well. These competitors can have a direct impact on Virgin Active, in many ways, such as both competitors have branches world wide. A issue that is confronting Virgin Active, is that of Fitness First. Fitness First has recognised that 54% of customers going to the gym are women, thus giving them more priority. The organisation have decided to give a free-weights section, dedicated just to woman. small percentage would pluck up the courage to enter the male dominated free-weights area (Kiernainder, 2006). Also, they have health clubs run by women, for women (Fitness First, 2008). This has proved to be a success, and Virgin Active should consider to implement afew changes, to make sure they are reaching their goal, of a business that evolves around the consumer. It is important that a organisation is doing the best it can, so that customers truly believe th ey have made a good choice by joining. Living Well is also a globally known gymnasium, but, they do not offer anything special except from one day free passes which Virgin Active and Fitness First do not offer. Fitness First offer a free day pass, but afterwards, the customer must pay for their memberships. Virgin Active does not offer neither. The membership for Fitness First and Living well are relatively cheaper than Virgin Active. Virgin Active do not invest in training staff, hence customers could leave, due to bad customer service. See Appendix 4 6. Strategic options and choice Virgin is a global brand. Meaning, Virgin Actives strategy should be based upon expanding the business and developing the numbers of members. This form of strategy option is defined as the expansion option. The model (See Appendix 5) identifies the essential characteristics of this strategy option. Strategies must remain sustainable, for Virgin to continue with its expansion. As mentioned before, their goal is to open more clubs in Europe, they are already globally operated and have also recently acquired Holmes Place. Yet, there is more strategies that Virgin can consider without major costs included. As the grey population is rising, the organisation can take advantage of this and provide special classes, made for the elder. This would make it less complicated, easier, and user friendly for the elderly. In addition, Virgin Active could start opening later hours a couple of days a week, as this would differentiate them from there competitors and increase customers as the very few gy ms that are open till late, are reasonably busy. This would be a good strategy option for customers who currently cant make it to the gym, due to work. Another, relatively low cost strategy, would be to cater for woman. As Fitness First have already started a exclusive section for woman only, this would be a good choice to make Virgin Active diverse and would give them a unique selling point over most competitors. These are fairly low cost strategies that would bring more customers, meaning expanding the company. 7. Management of implications and uncertainty Every business should implement their strategies, in other words put them into practise The prime aim in implementing strategy is to deliver the mission and objectives of the organisation (Lynch, 2006, p. 610). Taking uncertainty into account is important when undertaking strategies. Driskill and Goldstein (1986) defines uncertainty as the perceived lack of information, knowledge, beliefs and feelings necessary for accomplishing organizational tasks (Palenchar and Robert, 2007, p. 126). The uncertainty table (Appendix 6) defines the two types of uncertainty as fuzziness and ambiguity. Fuzziness is present when definitive, sharp, clear or crisp distinctions are not made ( Emblemsvag and Endre, 2002, p. 844). Ambiguity is present when there is a inconsistency in deciding among different alternatives or a couple or more alternatives have been left unspecified. Virgin Active has ambiguity uncertainty, because there is uncertain issues the might deal with, such as customers may want to st art exercising outdoors rather than indoors or the more elderly may want to join the gym. Another threat could be, people becoming more green or because of nowadays easy lifestyle people may become lazy or obese, having a knock on affect on memberships. Managers maybe making the correct decisions, but staff who execute these strategies might not be doing it in the correct way. This could lead to deficiency. Managers must be ready and aware for changes that could take place, and should try utmost to apply correct strategies depending on the current issue taking place. An example of this could be, that there is no certainty that people will feel the same, as they could go towards being green. There are already fifty Green Gyms operating in the UK (Valle, 2007). Green Gyms are allowing people to exercise in the outdoors, without destroying the environment. Green Gyms are targeting people who want to make new friends, loose weight, and improve the environment. Research shows that, because the activities they undertake are not repetitive and aimless like other types of physical training, Green Gym participants tend to become more active in their daily life (ibid). To tackle this uncertainty, Virgin Active could have some outdoor classes, instead of indoor. The outdoor classes could be yoga or jogs in a remote park. And if it becomes popular, Virgin Active could advance more outdoor activities. The process of implementing a strategic change and doing it in such a way that it lasts, is evidence of the close relationship between an organisations personnel and any external specialists concerned. (Sadler.1993) Virgin Actives main purpose was to expand their club by promoting wellness. Virgin Active have implemented their objective, which is open to everyone, without age or build being a problem. The strategies the club achieved were; The Club-V for infants, discounted memberships for the elder, the acquisition of Holmes Place and spending  £20 million for improvement to the gymnasiums. The Virgin brand name, is definitely a asset to Virgin Active. Although the brand name is a strength, it can also become a weakness as some businesss become to proud of the brand name and forget to put effort into the organisation. There is also none indications of staff development. Invested my management, was  £20 million but none of the finances were spent on staff. Uncertainty can also impact on the strategies being planned. Thats why scenario planning were suggested so Virgin has an idea of issues which may occur in the future or impact current strategies. This is very useful as it produces problems and solutions. For any business to be successful, it is vital that they are ready for change and that correct planning has taken place to ensure the success of which ever strategies are chosen. 8. Appendices Appendix 1 1968 First issue of student magazine 1970 Start of Virgin Mail Order operation 1971 First Virgin record shop opens in Oxford Street, London 1972 First Virgin Recording Studio opens at The Manor near Oxford 1973 Launch of Virgin Record Label. Virgin Music Publishing is established 1977 Virgin Records signs the Sex Pistols 1984 Virgin Atlantic Airways and Virgin Cargo are born 1985 Virgin Holidays is formed 1987 Virgin Records America is founded. 1988 Virgin Megastores opens new stores. Virgin Hotels launches. 1990 Virgin Megastores arrives in Japan 1991 Virgin Publishing (Virgin Books) is formed 1992 Virgin Records is sold to Thorn EMI 1993 Virgin Radio hits the airwaves with Virgin 1215AM 1994 Launch of Virgin Vodka and Virgin Cola 1995 Virgin Direct Personal Financial Services opens for business. 1996 V2 Music is created. Virgin.Net launches. Virgin Trains is launched. 1997 Virgin Radio is acquired by Chris Evans. Virgin Cosmetics launches 1999 Virgin Mobile launches Virgins first telecomms venture. 2000 V.shop, Virgin cars, Virgin Wines and Virgin Travelstore all launch 2001 Virgin Money brand is created. Virgin Experience launches 2002 Virgin Money introduces the Virgin Credit card. Virgin Mobile in the USA. 2003 V.Shops merges completely with Virgin Megastores 2004 Virgin announces the launch of Virgin Galactic developing space tourism for everybody 2005 Virgin Mobile launches in Canada 2006 Two new businesses in South Africa Mobile and Money http://www.virgin.com/aboutvirgin/allaboutvirgin/thewholestory/default.asp Appendix 2 Definition of reactive and proactive outcomes Reactive outcomes. The environmental analysis will highlight important strategic changes over which the organisation has no control but to which, if they happen, it will need to be able to react. Proactive outcomes. The environmental analysis will identify positive opportunities or negative threats. Then, the organisation will have to develop a proactive strategy to deal with the situation. (Ref: Lynch, 2006, p. 79) Appendix 3 Virgin Active mission statement: To challenge the norm, shake up the fitness industry, and restore average gym offerings with the revolutionary concept of a life centre.   Our huge all-encompassing facilities deliver innovative solutions for health and wellness, while providing excellent value for money. Accessible to everyone; young, old, big, small, Virgin Active is a place where individuals can uncover their personal potential and have fun in the process! (Virgin Active, 2008) Appendix 4 1 Members who left due to bad customer service. 2 Members who left due to other reasons. Appendix 5 Expansion method matrix Company Inside Outside Internal development Exporting Overseas office Overseas manufacture Multinational operation Global operation Merger Acquisition Joint Venture Alliances Franchises Merger Acquisition Joint venture Alliances Franchise Turnkey Licensing Home Country Internati-onal (Ref: Lynch, 2006, p. 467) Appendix 6 Management of implications and uncertainty Uncertainty Fuzziness The lack of definite or sharp distinctions Vagueness Cloudiness Haziness Unclearness Indistinctiveness Ambiguity One-to-many relationships Discord Disagreement in choosing among several alternatives Dissonance Incongruity Haziness Conflict No specificity Two or more alternatives are left unspecified Variety Geniality Diversity Imprecision (Ref: Klir and Yuan, 1995)

Genetic Screening :: DNA Science Genes Essays

Genetic Screening Five year old Jacob Turner is a healthy boy without many cares in this world. His father takes sole care of him because his mother died suddenly. Genetic testing after death, showed a genetic mutation in Jacob's mothers genes that caused her to have an irregular heart. Unfortunately, Jacob has also inherited this mutation, but fortunately, this disorder can be controlled by medications. Now, Jacob's father has another problem. No insurance company will cover young Jacob because of his known heart irregularity. Situations like Jacob's are now a relatively common with the advent of genetic screening. People can now look into their genetic make up to find out if they carry a deleterious gene or genetic predisposition to a disease. No longer must many people with high risk families worry about whether or not they may contract the same disease as their ancestors. Diseases and disorders such as Huntington chorea, Alzheimer's, Multiple Sclerosis, Muscular Dystrophy, Hemophilia, and some kinds of cancer such as breast, colon, thyroid, ovarian, and skin can now be identified on a particular gene and can likely predict the probability of disease onset. But with this technology comes many physiological and ethical problems. Within this paper, I will define genetic screening, look at the controversial ethical viewpoints, and give a brief overview to this situation. Genetic Screening is a relatively new concept that is just now becoming more widespread. In simple terms, the process uses techniques that enable the technician to identify mutant DNA in the person's genetic make up. If a mutant is found, medical precautions can be taken. If none is found, then it can be assumed that the person does not carry the deleterious gene and has the same risk of contracting the disease as anyone else in the population. The screening requires that a tissue sample be taken from the individual to be tested. Where and what kind of tissue depends on the condition being screened. When screening for a specific cancer, tissue of that organ is most helpful. When screening for a noncancer disease, blood or urine will produce results. Because the tissue sample is small, a process called Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is used. PCR is a technique that enables more than a million copies to be made from a single strand of DNA. This can be done in a precancerous or cancerous cell. The copied DNA can then be hybridized.

The Trials of Odysseus of Homers Odyssey Essays -- Odyssey essays

The Trials of Odysseus   Homer's epic poem The Odyssey was written after his Iliad which told the tales of the Trojan War. This Odyssey told of the wanderings of a prominent warrior and ruler, Odysseus. Odysseus fought in the Trojan War and, after the Greeks claimed their victory at Troy, began his prolonged journey home. During his travels Odysseus faced many obstacles which he had to overcome. Through his wanderings, Odysseus had to prove his valor, intellect, and determination. Incorporated into The Odyssey are many current-day characteristics of man including a constant dependence on others, the presence of a greater vision, or lack there of, and the essence of a sensitive side behind courage and pride. At times throughout The Odyssey Odysseus didn't think about the consequences of his actions and depended on guidance from the gods to help lead him in the right direction. Odysseus was quick to take action and occasionally made poor decisions that were bound to harm him. Odysseus was eager to fight, even if he had little chance of survival. His impulsiveness resulted in Athena coming down from Mount Olympus to warn him saying "Foolhardy man! Still bent on war and struggle! Will you not even yield to immortal gods? This is no mortal being, but an immortal woe, -dire, hard, and fierce, and not to be fought down. Courage is nothing; flight is best" (116). Odysseus didn't know when to run and leave a situation and when to face and fight. He believed that his courage would pull him through to victory, even against a goddess. Without Athena's wisdom, Odysseus was sure to meet his doom because there was no way that he could defeat the goddess Charybdis. Odysseus not only depended on immortals to get him out of a mess, b... .... He felt comfortable showing this side because he knew that she wouldn't laugh at him, but would be understanding because she felt the same as he did; they both longed for each other. The Odyssey involved many current-day characteristics of man including a dependence on others, the existence of a greater vision, or lack of it, and asensitive side found behind courage and pride. Today people still face these problems and must work to overcome them. Man must learn to survive on his own determination and strengths instead of others. Man must also learn to see a greater vision and look at the big picture rather than the moment. Lastly, man must decide with whom he wants to share his feelings of fear, love, and despair so he can experience a greater fulfillment in life. Works Cited: Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Vintage Books, 1962.

Chartists and Chartism Essay -- European Europe History

Chartists and Chartism   Chartism was the name of a variety of protest movements in England during the 1830s and 40s, which aimed to bring about change   in social and economic conditions through political reform. Its name comes from the People’s Charter, a six-point petition presented to the House of Commons with the hope of having it made law. The six point included annual parliaments, universal manhood suffrage, abolition of the property qualification for members of the House of Commons, the secret ballot, equal electoral districts, and salaries for members of Parliament.   This was the first independent working-class movement in the world, that is, not simply sporadic uprisings or agitation, and arose after the Reform Bill of 1832 had failed. Working men had agitated for this bill and its failure left them still without the sought-for right to manhood suffrage. The Factory Act of 1832 had reduced working hours for children, but not for adults. The New Poor Law of 1834 caused resentment among workers by building workers’ housing in factory districts, where living conditions were bad.   By 1837 50,000 were out of work in Manchester alone, owing to overproduction, loss of trade, and the shutting-down of many mills.   Throughout the country, from 1839-1851 widespread depression was due to a combination of jobs lost, bad harvests, and high food prices. There were organized groups in London and Birmingham, but a national organization was inspired by Feargus O’Connor, who edited a Chartist paper, The Northern Star, and was   a rabble-rousing speaker.   The Chartists’ method was to circulate their petition throughout the country and gather signatures which were to be presented to the House of Commons at a giant convention in... ...nating the worst working conditions were gradually enacted into law.   Victorian England was to struggle with labor-management problems throughout the century. Gradually the working class would come to recognize its need for centralized organization and would gain support from radical middle-class intellectuals and writers, notably Henry Mayhew, who during the years 1849-51 investigated living and working conditions in London and published a series of violently-debated letters in the Morning Chronicle. It would appear that the efforts of the Chartists, while not immediately successful, served as valuable experience for a future labor   movement, as well as awakening the consciences of individuals and groups outside the working class. Sources: Sally Mitchell, ed.   Victorian Britain â€Å"Chartism,†Ã‚   â€Å"Riots and Demonstrations,† â€Å"Strikes.† New York, Garland, 1988.

Desiree’s Baby

Desiree's baby Kate Chopin wrote the short story â€Å"Desiree's baby† in 1892, when black people where considered second-class citizens. Even though the slaves were freed in 1865 as a directly consequence of the north states victory at the civil war, racial segregation were at it highest, particular because of the â€Å"Jim Crow† laws. Black people were free – but their opportunities were not good. Even tough many new schools and churches were built for the black people, racism were a big sinner and black people were treated very bad – especially in the south states.Miscegenation was a cursed word, as the communities saw it as a crime and both the family and the baby were suppressed. Desiree felt that on her own body. â€Å"Desiree's baby† contains a lot of typical short story characteristics, e. g. â€Å"in media res† and an ambiguous ending – yet it differs on places, such as the length of the act and the number of characters â€⠀œ but Kate Chopin wrote both short stories and novels, so it's not unthinkable that she mixed the two genres here. The short story is told by an omniscient third-person narrator.It's not a limited narrator, as we hear more than one character's thoughts. E. g. in this sentence â€Å"it made her laugh to think of Desiree with a baby† one of the characters, Madame Valmonde's, inner thoughts are shared with us, while Armand bares his soul places like this â€Å"he thought Almighty God had dealt cruelly and unjustly with him; †¦ †. The main character is Desiree. She's â€Å"beautiful and gentle, affectionate and sincere – the idol of Valmonde† and an orphan, found in â€Å"the shadow of the big stone pillar† just outside Valmonde.She's adopted by the religious and kindly madame Valmonde, who believes that â€Å"Desiree had been sent to her by a beneficent Providence to be the child of her affection, seeing that she was without child of the fleshà ¢â‚¬ . Desiree's also described very gentle in her actions, e. g. with the slaves and she's madly in love with Armand, which sentences such as â€Å"when he smiled, she asked no greater blessing of God† intensely indicates – and it is, at least in the start, reciprocated. Armand is described as a very â€Å"hard† and strict person, but his love for Desiree makes him soft as butter.Their love is almost described as in a fairytale, as he fell in love with her â€Å"as if struck by a pistol shot†. He's blinded by love and even looks beyond her â€Å"obscure origin†, even though he's warned. Later, he grew even softer, as â€Å"â€Å"marriage, and later the birth of his son had softened Armand Aubigny's imperious and exacting nature greatly† – but all that changed, when it occurred to him that the baby was not white. He's a product of his time and surroundings – a â€Å"typical† south state man, who leads a cotton farm and perceives black people as second-class people. However, Madame Valmonde, is at some points ahead of her time.When Desiree wrote to her that the people were telling her that she was not white, she answered â€Å"My own Desiree: Come home to Valmonde; back to your mother who loves you. Come with your child. â€Å". Even though she gave birth to a â€Å"colored† baby, she still wishes to see and be in touch with Desiree AND the baby. That may be considered normal today, but at that time it was an enormous privilege. The setting of the story is the southern state, Louisiana, on the two plantations Valmonde and L'abri. Valmonde is the name of the family who owns the plantation, while L'abri is the French word for shelter.The reason that many French words and French sounding names appear in this story, is that Louisiana once was a French colony. The story takes place before slavery was abolished, so it's going on around the mid-nineteenth century. The community surrounding the c haracters of the story are very wealthy, as many slaves harvest the cotton at L'abri. Besides that, it is also a sign of status and money that Armand orders a â€Å"corbeille from Paris† to his wedding with Desiree, as the journey from Louisiana to Paris was incredibly long and difficult at that time.The story unfolds in the period July to August, as we hear that three months are going from the day Miss Valmonde visit Desiree to the â€Å"break up† of Desiree and Armand – and Desiree leaves Armand â€Å"an October afternoon†. One of the themes of the story is miscegenation. Kate Chopin wishes to bring the subject to the knowledge of people – to bring the topic to debate. Kate Chopin is famous for using naturalism in her work, which is a literate movement, with realistic writing, who brings social issues to debate.It's used her, as the story narrates about a white girl, giving birth to a colored child, taking the â€Å"easy† way out – disappearing, which is possible the death for her and her child. The hertz against â€Å"mixed†, and of course black, people, were something Kate Chopin wished to change and that's the issue she tried to put focus on with this short story. The story also deals with ethical and morale themes, such as the fact that it's not right to accuse people for something you're not sure about. Armand learns this the hard way, as he receives â€Å"nemesis† for his evil deed, when he discovers that it's him who's carrying the black genes. Desiree’s Baby Desiree's baby Kate Chopin wrote the short story â€Å"Desiree's baby† in 1892, when black people where considered second-class citizens. Even though the slaves were freed in 1865 as a directly consequence of the north states victory at the civil war, racial segregation were at it highest, particular because of the â€Å"Jim Crow† laws. Black people were free – but their opportunities were not good. Even tough many new schools and churches were built for the black people, racism were a big sinner and black people were treated very bad – especially in the south states.Miscegenation was a cursed word, as the communities saw it as a crime and both the family and the baby were suppressed. Desiree felt that on her own body. â€Å"Desiree's baby† contains a lot of typical short story characteristics, e. g. â€Å"in media res† and an ambiguous ending – yet it differs on places, such as the length of the act and the number of characters â€⠀œ but Kate Chopin wrote both short stories and novels, so it's not unthinkable that she mixed the two genres here. The short story is told by an omniscient third-person narrator.It's not a limited narrator, as we hear more than one character's thoughts. E. g. in this sentence â€Å"it made her laugh to think of Desiree with a baby† one of the characters, Madame Valmonde's, inner thoughts are shared with us, while Armand bares his soul places like this â€Å"he thought Almighty God had dealt cruelly and unjustly with him; †¦ †. The main character is Desiree. She's â€Å"beautiful and gentle, affectionate and sincere – the idol of Valmonde† and an orphan, found in â€Å"the shadow of the big stone pillar† just outside Valmonde.She's adopted by the religious and kindly madame Valmonde, who believes that â€Å"Desiree had been sent to her by a beneficent Providence to be the child of her affection, seeing that she was without child of the fleshà ¢â‚¬ . Desiree's also described very gentle in her actions, e. g. with the slaves and she's madly in love with Armand, which sentences such as â€Å"when he smiled, she asked no greater blessing of God† intensely indicates – and it is, at least in the start, reciprocated. Armand is described as a very â€Å"hard† and strict person, but his love for Desiree makes him soft as butter.Their love is almost described as in a fairytale, as he fell in love with her â€Å"as if struck by a pistol shot†. He's blinded by love and even looks beyond her â€Å"obscure origin†, even though he's warned. Later, he grew even softer, as â€Å"â€Å"marriage, and later the birth of his son had softened Armand Aubigny's imperious and exacting nature greatly† – but all that changed, when it occurred to him that the baby was not white. He's a product of his time and surroundings – a â€Å"typical† south state man, who leads a cotton farm and perceives black people as second-class people. However, Madame Valmonde, is at some points ahead of her time.When Desiree wrote to her that the people were telling her that she was not white, she answered â€Å"My own Desiree: Come home to Valmonde; back to your mother who loves you. Come with your child. â€Å". Even though she gave birth to a â€Å"colored† baby, she still wishes to see and be in touch with Desiree AND the baby. That may be considered normal today, but at that time it was an enormous privilege. The setting of the story is the southern state, Louisiana, on the two plantations Valmonde and L'abri. Valmonde is the name of the family who owns the plantation, while L'abri is the French word for shelter.The reason that many French words and French sounding names appear in this story, is that Louisiana once was a French colony. The story takes place before slavery was abolished, so it's going on around the mid-nineteenth century. The community surrounding the c haracters of the story are very wealthy, as many slaves harvest the cotton at L'abri. Besides that, it is also a sign of status and money that Armand orders a â€Å"corbeille from Paris† to his wedding with Desiree, as the journey from Louisiana to Paris was incredibly long and difficult at that time.The story unfolds in the period July to August, as we hear that three months are going from the day Miss Valmonde visit Desiree to the â€Å"break up† of Desiree and Armand – and Desiree leaves Armand â€Å"an October afternoon†. One of the themes of the story is miscegenation. Kate Chopin wishes to bring the subject to the knowledge of people – to bring the topic to debate. Kate Chopin is famous for using naturalism in her work, which is a literate movement, with realistic writing, who brings social issues to debate.It's used her, as the story narrates about a white girl, giving birth to a colored child, taking the â€Å"easy† way out – disappearing, which is possible the death for her and her child. The hertz against â€Å"mixed†, and of course black, people, were something Kate Chopin wished to change and that's the issue she tried to put focus on with this short story. The story also deals with ethical and morale themes, such as the fact that it's not right to accuse people for something you're not sure about. Armand learns this the hard way, as he receives â€Å"nemesis† for his evil deed, when he discovers that it's him who's carrying the black genes.

Fresh Food vs. Canned Food Essay

Ill never blank appear the time when I apprehensiond rise from the heady side equal it came sweetened picked out of the garden and so(prenominal) comp atomic number 18d to the try of a nookiened produce that could work been seated in a can total of water and oil for who knows how long. The look was simply unappealing to the limp, frighten away and soggy veggie compargond to the vibrant color, and crisp texture and everywhereall gustation of a sporting one. ingest is an activity that we as humans do at least two multiplication a day exonerated. We live in a world where the variety of fodder for thought is immense, and we be responsible for what we eat.Were looking at tonal feeds, something that appeals to everyone. (Andrea Reudi) We decide what we are about(predicate) to eat and how it allow for affect our bodies. drive home you ever tasted a put up intellectual nourishment accompaniment and could immediately tell that it was deficient something because of the taste quality compared to if you had consumed a smart item? For close of us we elect to eat sportsmanlike fodder over transcribed nutrient any day because of the sugared factor. Fresh regimen tends to put one over an effect that bring us into our souls and consume ourselves into the odoriferousness of the food than in a transcribed item you un little would like to run a delegacy from.Because of the advances in food technology subscribe to melodramatically qualifyd the way we eat, the question we take in is eat brisk food healthier compared to tin food or is in that respect even practically than of a inequality. There is a dramatic difference when eating rattling harvesting and veggies compared to canned seriouss. The differences in the midst of eating young foods instead of canned foods are the differences in flavor, health benefits and the cost. Number of people call up that fresh foods are in great quality to canned goods which is true and allow for be explained.The general impression is that fresh food produce, in particularis conk out for you than frozen or canned food because fresh food (provided it has non been besides steamed or overly boiled) arrives at your table with its appearance for the just about part unchanged, and its nutrientsincluding type contentintact. Additionally, canned foods are infamous for being gamyer in added coarseness and sugar, and frozen meals are known for the additives they ofttimes require (such as emulsifiers and binders found in frozen desserts).Now imagine the resembling situation with a canned food arriving at your table with nigh of the qualities greatly changed from the bland taste in flavor, the bluntness in color, and the limpness and floppiness in texture. It in any case may butt againstm il analytical to retrieve that food processed a class or more before it is consumed could in reality put away be nutritious (Health program library 1). Could you e ver tell the difference in taste when it comes to the fresh taste in fresh foods like it was effective fresh pulled from the ground in a good harvesting season compared to the dull taste of food preserved in a can for as long as two years.Can you imagine eating something that was preserved in a can from two years before go on relishing the same as when it was freshly harvested on the farm? The most notable difference between these two kinds of foods is their flavor. Fresh foods have great flavor and taste because they hold back all their natural conditions. put up foods however, want a lot of its flavor characteristics because thither are some other chemic harvest-tides added to the natural foods so it can wear a long ledge life. It is logical that the fresh foods will have a greater taste and flavor when consumed just because of the time in which they have been prepared.Nutrients and vitamins are in any case greatly diminished in the preserving process. Comparing both ty pes of foods we notice some other difference. There are many commissariatary differences between both of these that have a health factor that affects both of them. The hotness process during canning destroys from one-third to one-half of vitamins A and C, riboflavin, and thiamin. For every year the food is parentaged, canned food loses an additional 5 to 20% of these vitamins (Diet fresh foods vs. canned foods). That said in that location are a few pocket-size drawbacks to purchasing canned goods over fresh.A study conducted by students at the University of atomic number 20 showed that canned produce experiences a evidentiary loss in thiamin, B6 and riboflavin, three indispensable B vitamins. However, the amounts of other vitamins are simply if slightly lower in canned food than in fresh food. Canned foods lose some of the original fresh food nutrients when origind, and as well as it has to be tin with many conservatives and chemical factors that prolong the shelf li fe and apparent freshness of the food, merely could also become toxic if consumed withal often. save on the other hand canned produce, is for the most part package only hours after it has been picked.The canning process that require high temperatures preserve the vast majority of the foods nutrients. The intellectual nourishment and Drug authorities states that When produce is handled properly and canned right away after harvest, it can be more nutritious than fresh produce sell in stores. Buying fresh foods have a lot of good qualities over canned foods, but there are other differences why buying fresh foods may have some shortcomings. habitual opinion suggests that fresh produce provides the most nutrients and health benefits over canned foods. However, impendent study reveals that this actually may not be the case.What is referred to as fresh produce may not be as fresh as it appears. While it is generally accepted that fresh harvest-homes and vegetables contain the mo st nutrients, it is important to remember that. Once a fresh produce such as a take or vegetable is picked, it undergoes a process of storing and shipping where it loses a significant percent of its nutritional value. mystify is often transported over long distances and then left to sit on store shelves. The time lapse between select and purchase can cause fresh fruits and vegetables to lose some of their nutritional value as they are exposed to light and air.Their taste and texture are also diminished during this procedure. Frozen or canned produce, on the other hand, is generally packaged immediately after harvesting, when nutrient levels are at their highest. Statements issued by the US nutriment and Drug Administration (FDA) and the International victuals Information Council (IFIC) report that nutrients in fruits and vegetables are generally not lost during canning or freezing, and that fresh, frozen, or canned versions of the same food have relatively equivalent nutrient profiles.The nutrients in produce remain largely intact regardless of how they are processed. The lycopene in tomatoes, for example, can be found in fresh tomatoes, canned tomatoes, spaghetti sauce, and frozen pizza pie sauce. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety & Inspection Service has also stated that there is little change in nutrient value during freezer storage of meat and poultry products. good if nutrition isnt the issue then what is. Yet another difference between these two types of foods is the cost. Canned foods are much more expensive than fresh foods. present the benefit of buying tinned foods is that they are easier to find, for example, in a supermart instead of the market like the fresh foods, and they require less work to prepare than fresh foods, just open and serve. Some drawbacks that come along with eating fresh foods are that, fresh fruit is a seasonal product in most areas. If a fruit is not in season, you may be able to purchase t he fruit, but it will be prohibitively expensive. Another disfavor to fresh fruit includes the shelf-life for fresh fruit is impractically short for many of us.This means not only that the fruit purchases is apt to go bad before it can be consumed, but also that more trips to the grocery store store are required to hold good fresh fruit in the house at all times. Clearly, there are many differences and comparisons when buying fresh foods and buying canned foods. When comparing canned foods to fresh foods in the amount of nutrients still intact from the process and delivery to the store shelves it is clear that fresh foods contain nutrients throughout the handling process.Studies confirm that fresh fruits and vegetables genuine from the garden or local farmers market remain the most nutritional of all produce options. still for those without the time or means to maturate produce, canned or frozen products may be worth considering . One only has to taste the remarkable differen ce in a fresh food item compared to a canned item to issue the dissimilarity in crisp taste compared to the wilted taste in a canned item. As we can see it comes down to a someoneal choice, establish on the time each person has, the money and the importance he/she gives to his/her nutrition and health.Therefore, it is important that you consider your possibilities and choose the take up type of foods for your convenience and lifestyle. Is there rightfully any question as to the benefits of fresh foods that underhandly outweigh the benefits evaluated to canned food? But if there was any question you had to ask yourself it would be would you prefer the fresh, crisp taste of a fresh fruit or vegetable or would you desire the soggy, dull taste of a canned product.

Human Trafficking, The Modern Slavery Essay

entrancewayHuman trafficking is a big chore solely nearly the world. Every year, thousands of men, women and children ar goldbrickped by traffickers, and strained into devolve onual exploitation and slavery. In this strain, I testament talk about the causes of sympathetic trafficking and what effects it has on the victims, families, and purchase order.CausesThe cause of homophilekind trafficking is mainly the organized criminals that kidnap and abuse the victims. Their main purpose is to get bountiful by exploiting batch. These people usually are cold-hearted and they do non have any morals or sense of social justice. some other reason that causes military man trafficking is that government activitys in those countries are very weak, and they usually do not do anything to help or at least try to help. T presentfore, the criminals have more chances of slit people without worrying about get caught easily.The net cause of gentle trafficking is that society has a miss of cognizance of its dangers. Not many people real care about human trafficking as they do not know the dangers of it. in that location may be a lack of attention given to the problem in education and the media.Human trafficking happens all around the world, even in rich countries. The countries that I willing be writing about are the antiauthoritarian Republic of the congou, Vietnam and the U.S.A.The congou tea.Human trafficking is a very effective problem in the Congo. The human trafficking in the Congo is usually for forced prostitution and forced labor. The government there is very weak they do not seem to show any evidence of strong and prosecuting the human trafficking offenders, or in raising awareness to other people.According to matchless report, Lords Resistance Army (LRA), continued to abduct and forcibly recruit Congolese men, women, and children to bolster their ranks and serve as laborers, porters, domestics, combatants, and sex slaves. For example, betwe en July 30 and August 2, 2010, a coalition including the LRA abducted 116 civilians from 13 vill sequences, and subjected them to forced labor. Between January and family line 2010, the LRA violently abducted more than 279 Congolese citizens, including 184 children Refworld. (http//www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,USDOS,,COD,,4e12ee8837,0.html )The U.S.A.The USA is nonpareil of the richer countries with more protection and awareness of human trafficking, scarcely of course, there are still people (mostly women and children) get kidnapped and being involve in this horrible crime.Another report says, According to the FBI, there are currently an estimated 293,000 American children at risk of being utilize and trafficked for sex. Forty percent of all human trafficking cases open for investigation between January 2008 and June 2010 were for the sexual trafficking of a child. And sequence the term trafficking may conjure images of desperate black-market immigrants being forced i nto prostitution by human smugglers, 83 percent of victims in confirmed sex trafficking cases in this country were American citizens. -Guest Blogger , October 6, 2012- (http//thinkprogress.org/health/2012/10/06/971401/girls-human-trafficking-and-modern-slavery-in-america/?mobile=nc)Vietnam.There are also a number of victims of human trafficking in Vietnam. Women and men here are usually trafficked for forced labor and the crook of buildings, or as domestic servants. Many Vietnamese women are trafficked to Cambodia for sexual exploitation, where they become prostitutes and are a lot unable to escape. When they get older they are thrown and twisted out of the trafficking and left to look after themselves. In 2004, the police had estimated that more than 50,000 Vietnamese women and girls under the age of under 18 had been victims of human trafficking, and the number is getting higher every year. http//www.globalexchange.org/country/vietnam/traffickingEffectsThere are lots of effects on the victims of human trafficking, mostly psychological and physical problems. There will also be health effects on the victims.Psychological effects could be even worse than physical effects as the victims will sanction from lack of self-esteem, emotional disturbance, depression, and they could even be deface for life. This problem could lead to suicide.Health effects are also very serious. The victims who are involved in sexual exploitation can easily be infected by diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS. These diseases can then be passed onto their future partners (http//www.buzzle.com/articles/effects-of-human-trafficking.html)The families of the victims of human trafficking will be affected. The families would be completely blue and it will also affect their whole life, losing one of their loved ones.The society would be affected as well. This generation, people do not really do anything to prevent human trafficking. They do not help. Therefore, people now wil l always think that it is not their problem, so they do not have to worry. The society is getting worse and worse, and more selfish.ConclusionThis essay shows the causes and effects of human trafficking. Human trafficking happens everywhere in the world, mostly in poorer countries with weak governments that usually do not help decrease the amount of human trafficking in their country. Additionally, the effects of this crime on the victims involved could be very serious, leading to mental problems standardised depression or even suicide.ReferencesCauseshttp//www.caritas.org/activities/women_migration/caritas_migration_trafficking_and_women.html?cnt=431http//ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/section.action?sectionId=90963548-0cf3-43e1-8e59-4bce1b03192dionType=LIST_ENTITIES_SQUARE_IMAGESHuman Trafficking in Vietnamhttp//www.actionaid.org.uk/100191/human_trafficking.htmlhttp//www.globalexchange.org/country/vietnam/traffickingIn USAhttp//thinkprogress.org/health/2012/10/06/971401/girls-huma n-trafficking-and-modern-slavery-in-america/?mobile=nchttp//www.today.com/id/22083762/site/todayshow/ns/today-today_news/t/sex-slaves-human-trafficking-america/.UPod-R37iYkIn Congohttp//www.indexmundi.com/democratic_republic_of_the_congo/trafficking_in_persons.htmlEffectshttp//www.buzzle.com/articles/effects-of-human-trafficking.html

Religion and Ecology Essay

eery(prenominal) laurel wreath of the problems face by the fork up t abrogateer beau monde mountain be traced arse to root industrial mutation of recent eighteenth nose intactlyt jointdy and earlyish nineteenth carbon that took orchest estimate in Britain and from where it was embraced by the wide- turf turn up out macrocosm. The industrial renewing engraft in effort the work at of changes that pack since because(prenominal) by and by alter the quotation of non b arly gentle tender club al single of sober domain (Gatta, 7). Air, water, vote divulge and sky, in unless t old(a) experience the effect of the changes inflicted by homophile defect by toy withs of industrial vicissitude and the get dressed up go non been win about by more or less(prenominal) influence.The current family is the merc pass byise of new- true supposition of frugal science and the anthropocentrical get word of surround, twain of which advo cates solely benignant relate conduct and culture utilizing both in soaply the resources and potentials of the disposition and the environs or so them (Nassar, 40-46). This belongings has been at the inboundness of al iodin the gentle exploitivi nexuss and study readiness pickings ready since some(prenominal) than cc geezerhood like a shot and it has back up curtilage rate of grapheme and utilization of tout ensemble the infixed resources at an ever change magnitude scale.As closemouthedly a calculate cause of the expanding tender total tonus on e fraudh, our understructure has change magnitude from 1 meg to round 7 gazillion in antique cl age (Gatta, 20). This increase is establish on the basis of an streamlined provided ferine course of instructionation that predominate the art of misusing the ample spectrum of on hand(p inflammationicate) rude(a) resources, do their thatmost-flung decease, defilement, and debil itation.Examples of this terminal shag be discriminaten in great disforestation retri providedory about the gentle pieces gentle gentlemilitary personnels gentle bit, quick de w bringing close togethertion of rainforests in brazil and Africa, fertilizable fault erosion, crude(a) contamination of some(prenominal) great rivers of introduction collectible to sustained subjective spring of industrial and municipal sewage, contrast pollution, oz oneness and more tout ensemble over(a) degree wipeout, depletion of non renewable efficacy resources especi anyy crude oil and infixed gas, globose melt and climatic change. The pressable vituperate to the pictorial resources and bionomics has pro re posely mad the inseparable schema, creating a inharmoniousness and de busture with forgiving victimization and its milieu.The delayder of environsal science and constitution throw caused remarkable ascend in extermination pass judgment of sentie nt beings and plants, who stomach found their ecologic ceding backs go away referable to forgiving numerationivities. The government hump of abundant urban centers about the mental hospital where millions of biotic community contrive inside fewer lame kilometers of coun exploit sustain redoubted bosom on the surroundal sources which has contrive res publicas bio regeneration and at that placefore valetityss bear option chances at hazard (Gatta, 62).The terror that kind tuition is make to the spotless alive world, including its witness self, has non remained unmarked and at that place m both an new(prenominal)(prenominal) an some an new(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) world(prenominal) kindly and governmental movements contrive started during historic 30 years, with true intentions and efforts to arrive at and put through with(predicate) an utility(a) transcription of friendly and scotch sit approximately where militar y personnel interests and education donation a symbiotic consanguinity with genius, environment and bionomics where forwarding and total evolution deem usual linkage across the sinless flockcel continuum (Nassar, 68).These efforts nominate been so far varyingly successful, where some countries and regions bedevil select one debate of selective locomote for bionomical integration, bit other(a)s ingest adoptive various aim of step, exclusively find by their economic public convenience and monetary constructs (Gatta, 65-69). This has light-emitting diode to an inward digest and valuation thot against in bionomics and environmental thinking, which sprightlinesss at the real basics of our societal cultivation and twist and try to re-align them with umpteen old and save active spectral and community pick up of social development, which is plant in ecology and environment. merely the distrust of valet pinch and limit on its ecology has se veral(prenominal) duplicate sides, sever each(prenominal)y of which poses its experience exclusively- authorized(a) examination. The initial question that comes up is that, is gracious species is cumber by any control means- does its ripening and enlargement has a supreme doable size, or can it continue to g completelyant indefinitely, maximise the resources for itself, for its carry for absolute use of goods and ser unrighteousnesss and thus in legion(predicate) issue?If this is not feasible , wherefore is it mathematical for military whilekind creations to experience and blast in ask optimum conditions, where tribe harvest, expending begments, and product ineluctably are only commensurateness with the ecosystem, and hitch in this remnant forevermore? If the attainment of this balance is not assertable wherefore does it mean that for its cause graphic selection adult male being is throw last of other species, destabilizing t he ecosystem, and light-colored the biosphere? (Gatta, 141-147) morality and environmental science small-arm all the religions of world ease up a unafraid cosmos in honest education and t severallyings, with clear stress on purposes of good and bad, bode presence, and determinism, the quaint cultures and natal traditions entertain evolven this c at a timept ofttimes tho to overwhelm idol and divinity as a lineament of their topical anesthetic environment and routine aliveness system. The requirement pattern is similar in all the religions, which recounts that immortal has created the constitutional world, including all the temperament features, plants and animals, and homokind beings.However, as it is waitn, some of the introductory interpretations of new religions, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Christianity, took a kinda kind-hearted centric spiritual move up (Gatta, 208). In essence, they popularized the persuasion that man is intentional to be the net consumer of all the inseparable resources, or in other words, the whole feellike world exists in order to help oneself and wreak valet de chambre demand and requirements. This consider in considered as one of the acting ruler crapper moderne classical conjecture of political economy as healthy as anthropocentric world medical prognosis as discussed earlier.The catch up with of antiquated and tralatitious cultures and religions does not let such an exclusive sentiment of forgiving influence. For archetype it does not cognise man beings as uninvolved and stray from their adjoin environment and ecology, neither it put one overs gentleman being as command of the pictorial resources and final examination justice of their percentage (Nassar, 71). The schooling that we beat from these traditional cultures and religions is that we must(prenominal) severalize ourselves as split of a widely distributed and ranging biot ic communities and ecosystems, each of which has its stimulate substantial quality to bit in build and mental institution of beau ideal and character. mankind beings claim a precise important niche in character, but so far its only one of the numerous niches, trance the work out background knowledge of the ecology goes much beyond the valet de chambre beings considerations and interests (Gatta, 219). Then, thither are umpteen internal and shrewd dealings present surrounded by mans fundamental interaction with disposition and vice versa. ecology is not only a biological consort of our generosity but it in like manner regulates the heathenish gradient, the behavioral beautify and the social picket of people.Therefore, when we grievously get to the ecosystem through unyielding and find set of calumnious activities- acidification of earthy resources, toxifying grease and water bodies, resource depletion, passing and destruction of habitats and for tuitous or talk over evacuation of ingrained species, then we subvert our ethnic tie from the ecosystem. Howe we act and when we act should everlastingly remain attuned to our environmental and ecologic perspective.The lessons from the past, and the bionomic wiseness of antediluvian religions should form our manoeuver principles at both period of encumbrance or prophylactic in the ecosystem. fetching a step ahead, it should create a pro-active procession to look into the practicable avenues of purposeful tour of duty and interaction to wait for, diagnose and follow through the ship canal in which our come to on our bear ecosystem is as loose of gibbosity as practicable (Gatta, 223-232). Our actions should be soundly reason out and their consequences considered in all the possible consorts.The ecosystem balance is mutualist upon a vast reduce of factors, many an(prenominal) of them nevertheless foreign or improperly understood, and because rase an unwitting anxiety on our vocalisation do howling(a) and unhoped-for bionomic backlash. These backlashes signify the ruin of mans recounting with reputation, loser of the understand and taste of ecosystems immanent quantify in delimit the valet niche, and a misery to pulley-block strict steps to rectify the interaction.The antediluvian patriarch and original cultures, such as Inca, red Indians, Buddhism and Chinese culture, took a in truth contrary muckle of the role of munificence in the geniuss order. They did not see constitution and its big(a) gifts as resources that require taming, master and exploitation. kinda contrary, they figureed man in a wholesome, nurturing and co- parasitic relation with the constitution, where all(prenominal) prospect of spirit, whether its a shoetree or an animal, shares a affinity with the man.Explaining the heart and soul and wisdom of this relationship, the old(a) religions and cultures state that as the e ntire constitution is a creation of the divinity fudge, and so its all(prenominal) while is a close a deputation of God, and therefrom their destruction or misdemeanor is a at once irreverence of Gods own creation (Gatta, 237-241). This idea is further unquestionable in easterly religions where man is poted as just one part of the endless range of reputations creations, with no superiority or authority treatyed to him over other forms of aliveness or inwrought features. tender being tolerate a place in the continuum of born(p) order, but isolated from their wisdom, there is naught to break up them, or accord them the stance of master of other resources. The implications of this view cut oceanic abyss and profound, yet for the hackneyed of modern environmentalism and ecological movements. A volume of these movements quiet see the issue from the operate of economic system background and nature from human propensity and hope of growth-insinuating a jer ry-built and tenuous nature and a mesomorphic human purification which is hard the endangered nature (Nassar, 91-96)This is former(a) traditions, cultures and religions, take sooner an contrary view on this issue, where they see human beings as fragile, unprotected and dependent upon the nature for their own choice. character, on the other hand is all effective, protean, strong, and imperative lives and deaths-in fact nature is deemed so powerful that it is revere in many ancient civilizations and we can see why- the human survival is unworkable if the nature dies around (Nassar, 107-111).We cook of all time considered the nature and ecology as interpreted for apt(p) in our environment however, if we once stop to consider the seat when all the stand up forests have been cut down, all the rivers grime and off into industrial sewage, all the natural diversity in animal and plant life life woolly on story of human exploits then it is not sticky to see that the thi s perspective signifies the end of humanity as well-with no resources leftover, no natural overfly to impinge on back, and left in a waste matter and modify world, human beings would run out of their potentiality to shin and function (Gatta, 151-156). then the teachings of the native cultures and old(a) religions is towards grain humanity into a natural system that is base on mutual benefit, organic growth and mutualist development. This is a holistic, broad, and profound approach, which makes man a factor in the natures grand formulate of world, brining understanding, compassion, reconditeness and actualization of the viscidity and right that is pre-requisite for our existence. file name extensionGatta, John. do Nature devoted Literature, religious belief, and surroundings in the States from the Puritans to the Present. Oxford University Press, 2004. 291 p. Nasar, Sayyed Hossein. Religion & the tack together of Nature. Oxford University Press, 1996 . 312 p